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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

最新监测表明：阿尔泰山脉雪豹种群质量稳定向好******

　　光明日报记者 李 慧 赵明昊

　　今年元旦期间，新疆阿勒泰市将军山滑雪场及周边区域出现一只雌性、一只幼体两只雪豹，引起社会各界广泛关注。

　　“雪豹现身地为该度假区雪场金光道，海拔约1000米，雪豹被滑雪场工作人员拍摄到。”阿尔泰山国有林管理局野生动植物保护处处长马木尔别克·马看介绍，此次雪豹向山下迁徙，主要是因为2022年年底降雪量大，厚厚的积雪完全把雪线上的植被覆盖，山上的北山羊、马鹿、狍子、野兔等草食动物被迫往海拔较低的地方垂直迁徙觅食，以北山羊等动物为主要食物的雪豹也就跟着到海拔较低的地方捕食，将军山区域成为其临时停歇地。这也说明，阿尔泰山脉的雪豹种群质量正稳定向好发展。

　　阿尔泰山是亚洲中部横跨中国、俄罗斯、蒙古和哈萨克斯坦四国的大型山系之一，它是额尔齐斯河发源地，是具有全球意义的生物多样性的中心区域之一；是许多珍稀濒危动物的主要分布区；拥有从荒漠草原到冰雪带的完整山地垂直自然景观，以及数量众多的湿地、河流和湖泊。复杂的地形地貌、独特的地理区位，为各种野生动物的生存和发展提供了良好条件，是新疆野生动植物多样性最丰富的地区之一，也是连接我国天山雪豹种群与蒙古、俄罗斯以及哈萨克斯坦境内的雪豹种群之间交流的主要通道，对于全球雪豹保护至关重要。

　　近年来，阿尔泰山国有林管理局全面落实野生动物保护措施，不断加大阿尔泰山野生动物及其栖息地保护力度，全方位开展野生动物保护宣传，通过红外相机布设、管护员日常巡护、高山监控、道路卡口一体化监测体系等手段，建立了雪豹长期监测网络，获取了雪豹的大量数据和影像资料。2017年至今，阿尔泰山林区已发现18只雪豹，其中大部分是通过红外线相机拍摄到的。目前，当地已初步建立了雪豹长期监测网络，获取了大量数据、影像资料。仅2017年至2022年，阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区管理局在富蕴县辖区就先后拍摄到雪豹影像资料400余份。

　　1月5日，阿尔泰山国有林管理局、阿勒泰地区林草局和阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区管理局联合行动，针对雪豹的习性和附近地貌特点，在雪豹可能出现的活动区域内架设3台红外相机，持续监测雪豹的活动轨迹。

　　“在阿尔泰山脉东南部、中西部和西北部持续拍到雪豹和大量其他野生动物，说明阿尔泰山脉区域有着一个相对稳定的雪豹种群以及完整的生态系统。阿尔泰山国有林管理局将持续开展雪豹监测调查，为保护该区域的雪豹及其高山生态系统提供了重要的科学依据。”马木尔别克·马看说。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月09日 08版）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）